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Kazakhstan🇰🇿 KZ6 malware families

Hydra Saiga

Also known ashydra_saiga

Hydra Saiga (aka Yorotrooper, ShadowSilk, Silent Lynx) is a suspected Kazakhstan-aligned, likely state-sponsored espionage threat actor assessed active since at least 2021 and still operating into late 2025. Reporting attributes to the group campaigns targeting government, energy, and critical infrastructure organizations across Central Asia, Europe, and the Middle East, with claims of at least 34 organizations compromised across 8 countries and reconnaissance/login attempts against 200+ additional targets. A defining tradecraft element is heavy use of the Telegram Bot API for C2 (including /getUpdates), alongside a mix of commodity tooling (e.g., Havoc, resocks, Meterpreter) and custom implants/backdoors written in PowerShell, Python, Go, and Rust. Initial access described includes phishing lures such as a loader masquerading as a Turkmenistan-to-UN letter (executing a Base64-encoded PowerShell backdoor and attempting to bypass PowerShell execution policy/profiles) and a macro-enabled Word document delivered to the Royal Oman Police (download/execution of an obfuscated PowerShell backdoor from 185.106.92[.]127; that host also served a Meterpreter payload around the same time). Delivery mechanisms include ISO/RAR attachments sent from previously compromised email accounts. Post-compromise activity is characterized as hands-on-keyboard “living off the land,” with persistence via scheduled tasks and registry manipulation; credential access via LSASS dumping, SAM/SECURITY hive export, enabling WDigest, and use of FakeLogonScreen; lateral movement via nltest for DC discovery and WMI/PsExec to deploy a reverse SOCKS5 proxy; defense evasion via disabling Microsoft Defender features and the Windows firewall; collection via screenshots and RAR archiving; tool transfer via curl/wget/bitsadmin/PowerShell (often password-protected RARs); and exfiltration via curl POSTs plus browser-data stealers (PyInstaller-based, later Golang). The actor reportedly uses Censys/Shodan for recon and Acunetix for vulnerability scanning, and has used infrastructure from providers such as BitLaunch and PSB Hosting, with domains registered via QHoster. Attribution support cited includes an operator work pattern consistent with UTC+5 and inactivity on Kazakhstani holidays, plus infrastructure/tooling overlap with the Tomiris cluster (including references to JLORAT/Telemiris lineage and shared Telegram-based C2 patterns).

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OPERATIONAL PROFILE

Targeting

Who, where, and (when attributed) which flag flies behind the operation. Pulled from open-source reporting and Mallory's analyst review.

Who they target

Sectors the actor has been observed targeting.

  • Energy
  • Capital Goods
  • Commercial & Professional Services
  • Transportation
  • Health Care Equipment & Services
  • Software & Services

Where they target

Geographies tied to known operations.

  • 🇦🇫 Afghanistan
  • 🇦🇲 Armenia
  • 🇦🇷 Argentina
  • 🇦🇿 Azerbaijan
  • 🇧🇩 Bangladesh
  • 🇧🇬 Bulgaria
  • 🇧🇷 Brazil
  • 🇧🇾 Belarus

Where they're from

Attributed origin per open-source reporting.

  • KZ
MITRE ATT&CK

Tradecraft

27 distinct techniques observed across reporting, grouped by tactic. Hover any cell for the evidence excerpt; click through for MITRE's full description.

13 of 15 tactics53 techniques×N= number of intelligence reports citing this technique
MITRE ATT&CK
TA0043
Reconnaissance
2 techniques
T1594
Search Victim-Owned Websites
T1595
Active Scanning
TA0001
Initial Access
2 techniques
T1078
Valid Accounts
T1566
Phishing
T1566.001
Spearphishing Attachment
TA0002
Execution
4 techniques
T1047
Windows Management Instrumentation
T1053
Scheduled Task/Job
T1053.005
Scheduled Task
T1059
Command and Scripting Interpreter
T1059.001
PowerShell
T1059.006
Python
T1204
User Execution
T1204.002
Malicious File
TA0003
Persistence
4 techniques
T1053
Scheduled Task/Job
T1053.005
Scheduled Task
T1078
Valid Accounts
T1547
Boot or Logon Autostart Execution
T1547.001
Registry Run Keys / Startup Folder
T1556
Modify Authentication Process
T1556.002
Password Filter DLL
TA0004
Privilege Escalation
3 techniques
T1053
Scheduled Task/Job
T1053.005
Scheduled Task
T1078
Valid Accounts
T1547
Boot or Logon Autostart Execution
T1547.001
Registry Run Keys / Startup Folder
TA0005
Stealth
3 techniques
T1027
Obfuscated Files or Information
T1078
Valid Accounts
T1218
System Binary Proxy Execution
TA0112
Defense Impairment
1 technique
T1556
Modify Authentication Process
T1556.002
Password Filter DLL
TA0006
Credential Access
4 techniques
T1003
OS Credential Dumping
T1003.001
LSASS Memory
T1056
Input Capture
T1056.002
GUI Input Capture
T1555
Credentials from Password Stores
T1555.003
Credentials from Web Browsers
T1556
Modify Authentication Process
T1556.002
Password Filter DLL
TA0007
Discovery
2 techniques
T1018
Remote System Discovery
T1046
Network Service Discovery
TA0008
Lateral Movement
1 technique
T1021
Remote Services
T1021.006
Windows Remote Management
TA0009
Collection
3 techniques
T1056
Input Capture
T1056.002
GUI Input Capture
T1113
Screen Capture
T1560
Archive Collected Data
T1560.001
Archive via Utility
TA0011
Command and Control
3 techniques
T1071
Application Layer Protocol
T1071.001
Web Protocols
T1105
Ingress Tool Transfer
T1572
Protocol Tunneling
TA0010
Exfiltration
2 techniques
T1041
Exfiltration Over C2 Channel
T1567
Exfiltration Over Web Service
IOCS

Observables

71 indicators attributed to this actor: domains, IPs, hashes, and other artifacts pulled from reporting. View more in app.

IOC values are gated. View more in Mallory for domains, IPs, hashes, and other artifacts, or pipe them straight into your SIEM.

What this page doesn’t show

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Target overlap

Match sector + geo + tech-stack targeting against your real footprint.

Tradecraft mapping27

Every observed MITRE ATT&CK technique, grouped by tactic.

Malware arsenal6

Families this actor is known to deploy, with IOCs and behavior.

Exploited CVEs

CVEs this actor has used in known campaigns.

Detection signatures

YARA, Sigma, Snort, and vendor rules, auto-deployed to your SIEM.

Observables71

Domains, IPs, and hashes tied to this actor, refreshed continuously.