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MalwareRansomwareUsed by 1 actor

Emmenhtal

Emmenhtal is a multistage malware loader/downloader active since at least April 2024. It has also been referred to as Peaklight by Google/Mandiant, while some reporting uses the spelling “EmmenHTAl” specifically for its HTA component. It is used by financially motivated threat actors and has been observed in malware-as-a-service delivery chains to fetch and execute follow-on payloads including Amadey, SmokeLoader, commodity infostealers such as CryptBot and Lumma, and other stealers or RATs.

Reported delivery vectors include phishing emails and public GitHub repositories. In one campaign targeting Ukrainian entities, Talos assessed JavaScript files inside ZIP/7Zip/RAR phishing attachments as Emmenhtal; these used multiple layers of obfuscation to conceal a PowerShell downloader. Similar Emmenhtal samples were also hosted in public GitHub repositories and used to deliver Amadey. In another campaign targeting First Ukrainian International Bank (pumb[.]ua), a payment-themed phishing email delivered a 7z archive containing a lure PDF and an internet shortcut that downloaded a malicious LNK from 194[.]87[.]31[.]68:80. Execution triggered PowerShell and mshta, abused a modified DCCW.exe as a loader, and ran an HTA/JavaScript-based Emmenhtal stage that launched additional encoded PowerShell to download a lure PDF and a SmokeLoader payload into the user’s AppData directory. Network activity in that campaign also included 88[.]151[.]192[.]165.

Emmenhtal is characterized by heavy obfuscation and staged script execution. Observed techniques include layered JavaScript obfuscation, eval and charCode-style encoding, PowerShell with flags such as -w 1, -ep Unrestricted, and -nop, and LOLBAS use of mshta. A large sample delivered via KongTuke used more than 56,000 lines of junk mathematical operations, a 284 KB base64 byte array, and .NET reflection-based execution; ClamAV detects that sample as Win.Downloader.Emmenhtal-10044033-0. Emmenhtal has also been associated with polyglot-file tradecraft in malware campaigns.

The loader has been linked to campaigns targeting Ukrainian entities and has appeared in broader MaaS/TDS ecosystems. Cisco Talos reported a 2025 MaaS operation using Emmenhtal and Amadey, often leveraging fake public GitHub accounts such as Legendary99999, DFfe9ewf, and Milidmdds to stage payloads and scripts. Emmenhtal has also been observed as a downstream payload in KongTuke/404 TDS-style initial access chains. Known observables directly mentioned in reporting include pivqmane[.]com/testonload[.]mp4/, pivqmane[.]com/doc/fb[.]mp4, 194[.]87[.]31[.]68, and 88[.]151[.]192[.]165, as well as the SHA-256 e190ad0b45882fdd19e62883151803a32adb148e8eb7475f1b316a00d9ecc82f for an Emmenhtal sample.

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THREAT ACTORS

Groups observed using it

1 distinct threat actor attributed by public researchers. Open in Mallory to see the full evidence chain and overlapping campaigns.

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financially motivated threat actors

We observed a malicious campaign targeting First Ukrainian International Bank (pumb[.]ua) and noticed the usage of a stealthy malware loader known as Emmenhtal (sic! - this spelling refers to the HTA component of this loader, hence slightly unorthodox spelling "EmmenHTAl) also referred to by Google as Peaklight.

via g data software bloggdatasoftware.com
MITRE ATT&CK

Techniques & procedures

12 distinct techniques documented for this family, organized by ATT&CK tactic.

Initial Access

2 techniques
T1566PhishingEvidence1

In early February 2025, Talos observed a cluster of invoice payment and billing-themed phishing emails that appeared to target Ukrainian entities.

T1566.001Spearphishing AttachmentEvidence1

These emails included compressed archive attachments (e.g., ZIP, 7Zip or RAR) containing at least one JavaScript file that used several layers of obfuscation to disguise a PowerShell downloader.

Execution

5 techniques
T1059Command and Scripting InterpreterEvidence1

The command uses ROT cipher or XOR obfuscation... powershell.exe -ep bypass -c iex ...

T1059.001PowerShellEvidence2

The execution of the JavaScript and PowerShell script resulted in the download and execution of SmokeLoader on the victim system.

T1059.006PythonEvidence1

Talos discovered another unique file on the “Milidmdds” GitHub account during this research — a malicious Python script named “checkbalance.py”.

T1059.007JavaScriptEvidence1

These emails included compressed archive attachments (e.g., ZIP, 7Zip or RAR) containing at least one JavaScript file that used several layers of obfuscation to disguise a PowerShell downloader.

T1204.003Malicious ImageEvidence1

The victim pastes and runs the command, which downloads and executes a second-stage payload.

Stealth

4 techniques
T1027Obfuscated Files or InformationEvidence2

Each loader typically includes four layers — three that act as obfuscation and the final PowerShell downloader script.

T1036MasqueradingEvidence1

Talos identified Emmenhtal samples masquerading as MP4 files.

T1070.004File DeletionEvidence2

Talos identified Emmenhtal samples masquerading as MP4 files.

T1620Reflective Code LoadingEvidence1

The 7MB sample (e190ad0b) is an Emmenhtal loader... .NET reflection-based execution via [Type] casting Dynamic method resolution to evade static analysis

Command and Control

1 technique
T1105Ingress Tool TransferEvidence2

The Emmenhtal loader files found in the public GitHub repositories noted previously were found to download a variety of files, including: Amadey A legitimate copy of PuTTY.exe AsyncRAT

INDICATORS OF COMPROMISE

IOCs tracked for this family

62 indicators attributed across vendor reports, sandbox runs, and researcher write-ups. Full values are available in Mallory.

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Network
60 tracked

IPs, domains, and DNS infrastructure linked to this family.

Hashes
1 tracked

File hashes (MD5, SHA-1, SHA-256) from samples and reports.

Other
1 tracked

Other indicator types observed in public reporting.

TypeValueLatest sighting
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domain●●●●●●●●●●●●View more in app4 months ago
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ip.v4●●●●●●●●●●●●View more in app4 months ago
ip.v4●●●●●●●●●●●●View more in app4 months ago
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IOC matching62

Match every observed IP, domain, and hash against your live telemetry.

Threat actor attribution1

Named campaigns wielding this family, with evidence pinned to each claim.

Exploited vulnerabilities

CVEs this family uses for access and lateral movement.

Detection signatures

YARA, Sigma, Snort, and vendor rules, auto-deployed to your SIEM.

MITRE ATT&CK mapping12

Every documented technique, ranked by evidence weight.

Researcher chatter

Reddit, Mastodon, and CTI community discussion around this family.