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Windows DWM Out-of-Bounds Read Privilege Escalation

IdentifiersCVE-2025-55681CWE-125· Out-of-bounds Read

CVE-2025-55681 is a local elevation of privilege vulnerability in the Windows Desktop Window Manager (DWM). The issue is described as an out-of-bounds read in dwmcore.dll, specifically in the CBrushRenderingGraphBuilder::AddEffectBrush function, caused by improper buffer handling. A local, authorized attacker can exploit the flaw after obtaining code execution on the target system, with no further user interaction required, to elevate privileges. Reporting indicates the exploit is highly reliable on Windows 11 and less stable but still functional on older supported Windows versions due to heap memory management differences.

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For your environment

Are you exposed to this one?

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ANALYST BRIEF

Impact, mitigation & remediation

What it means. What to do now. Patch path, mitigations, and the assume-compromise checklist.

Impact

What an attacker gets, and what they’ve been doing with it.

Successful exploitation allows a local attacker with low privileges to escalate to SYSTEM-level privileges. This can enable full compromise of the affected host, including installation of malware, modification of system configuration, access to or theft of sensitive data, and bypass of local security controls. In enterprise environments, this level of access can facilitate persistence, credential theft, and further lateral movement.

Mitigation

If you can’t patch tonight, do this now.

Until patches are fully deployed, reduce opportunities for local code execution by restricting execution of untrusted binaries and scripts, enforcing least-privilege access, limiting interactive access to systems, and tightening controls around shared systems and remote access solutions. Because exploitation requires local access, minimizing the ability of low-privileged users or sessions to run code materially reduces exposure.

Remediation

Patch, then assume compromise.

Apply Microsoft's security updates that address CVE-2025-55681 on all affected Windows 10, Windows 11, and supported Windows Server systems. Microsoft has released patches as part of its regular security updates, and available reporting recommends prioritizing deployment due to the low complexity and high impact of exploitation.
PUBLIC EXPLOITS

Exploits

No public exploits tracked yet. Mallory keeps watching.

VALID 0 / 0 TOTALView more in app

No public exploit code observed for this vulnerability.

EXPOSURE SURFACE

Affected products & vendors

Products and vendors Mallory has correlated with this vulnerability. Open in Mallory to drill down to specific CPE configurations and version ranges.

VendorProductType
Microsoft CorporationWindows 10 1809operating_system
Microsoft CorporationWindows 10 21h2operating_system
Microsoft CorporationWindows 10 22h2operating_system
Microsoft CorporationWindows 11 22h2operating_system
Microsoft CorporationWindows 11 23h2operating_system
Microsoft CorporationWindows 11 24h2operating_system
Microsoft CorporationWindows 11 25h2operating_system
Microsoft CorporationWindows 11 2h2operating_system
Microsoft CorporationWindows Server 2019operating_system
Microsoft CorporationWindows Server 2022operating_system
Microsoft CorporationWindows Server 2022 23h2operating_system
Microsoft CorporationWindows Server 2025operating_system
Microsoft CorporationWindows Server 23h2operating_system

Vendor-confirmed product mapping. Mallory continuously reconciles this list against your asset inventory.

What this page doesn’t show

The version that knows your environment.

This page is what’s public. Mallory adds the parts that aren’t: which of your assets are affected, which adversaries are exploiting it right now, which detections to deploy, and what to do tonight.
Exposure mapping

Query your assets running an affected version, and investigate the blast radius.

Threat actor evidence

Every observed campaign linking this CVE to a named adversary.

Associated malware

Malware families riding this exploit, with evidence and IOCs.

Detection signatures

YARA, Sigma, Snort, and vendor rules, auto-deployed to your SIEM.

Vendor-by-vendor mapping

Cross-references every affected SKU, including bundled OEM variants.

Social activity6

Community discussion across Reddit, Mastodon, and other social sources.