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Mallory
CriticalCISA KEVExploited in the wildPublic exploit

Unauthenticated Command Injection in Zyxel ZyWALL/USG, USG FLEX, ATP, and VPN Series

IdentifiersCVE-2023-28771CWE-78· Improper Neutralization of Special…

CVE-2023-28771 is a remote command injection vulnerability affecting Zyxel ZyWALL/USG series firmware versions 4.60 through 4.73, VPN series firmware versions 4.60 through 5.35, USG FLEX series firmware versions 4.60 through 5.35, and ATP series firmware versions 4.60 through 5.35. The vendor description attributes the issue to improper error message handling. By sending crafted packets to an affected device, an unauthenticated remote attacker can cause the device to execute operating system commands. Supporting context indicates exploitation occurs over UDP port 500 and the issue has been widely described as a command injection flaw in Zyxel firewall/VPN appliances.

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ANALYST BRIEF

Impact, mitigation & remediation

What it means. What to do now. Patch path, mitigations, and the assume-compromise checklist.

Impact

What an attacker gets, and what they’ve been doing with it.

Successful exploitation allows unauthenticated remote execution of OS commands on affected Zyxel firewall and VPN appliances. This can result in full compromise of the device, including unauthorized administrative control, alteration of firewall or VPN configuration, deployment of malware or botnet payloads, persistence, traffic interception or redirection, and use of the appliance as a pivot point for further intrusion into the protected network. Because the affected products are perimeter security devices, compromise can have outsized impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability.

Mitigation

If you can’t patch tonight, do this now.

Until patches can be applied, restrict exposure of affected management and VPN-related services from untrusted networks, especially UDP port 500 where exploitation has been observed. Limit access to the device to trusted source IPs via upstream ACLs or firewall rules, disable unnecessary externally reachable services, and monitor for signs of compromise or unexpected command execution on the appliance. Given public exploit availability and active exploitation reporting, devices suspected of compromise should be isolated, forensically reviewed, and rebuilt or reimaged with trusted firmware rather than treated as clean after simple configuration changes.

Remediation

Patch, then assume compromise.

Upgrade affected Zyxel devices to vendor-fixed firmware versions referenced in Zyxel’s security advisory. Specifically, organizations should identify all ZyWALL/USG, VPN, USG FLEX, and ATP appliances running vulnerable firmware in the affected version ranges and apply the latest available patched release from Zyxel. If patching cannot be performed immediately, prioritize internet-exposed perimeter devices first due to the unauthenticated nature of the flaw and evidence of active exploitation.
PUBLIC EXPLOITS

Exploits

1 valid exploit after Mallory filtered fakes, detection scripts, and README-only repos (1 hidden).

VALID 1 / 2 TOTALView more in app
CVE-2023-28771-PoCMaturityPoCVerified exploit

This repository provides a proof-of-concept exploit for CVE-2023-28771, a command injection vulnerability affecting Zyxel firewall and VPN devices. The main file, 'CVE-2023-28771-poc.py', is a Python script that uses the Scapy library to craft and send a malicious IKEv2 packet to a specified target (rhost) on UDP port 500. The script allows the user to either execute an arbitrary shell command on the target device (using the --cmd argument) or spawn a reverse shell back to the attacker's machine (using --lhost and --lport arguments). The payload is embedded in the Notify payload of the IKEv2 packet. The repository also includes a README.md with usage instructions and a requirements.txt specifying the Scapy dependency. The exploit is operational and can be used to gain remote code execution on vulnerable Zyxel devices exposed to the internet.

benjaminhaysDisclosed May 23, 2023pythonnetwork
EXPOSURE SURFACE

Affected products & vendors

Products and vendors Mallory has correlated with this vulnerability. Open in Mallory to drill down to specific CPE configurations and version ranges.

VendorProductType
Zyxel CommunicationsAtp100 Firmwareoperating_system
Zyxel CommunicationsAtp100w Firmwareoperating_system
Zyxel CommunicationsAtp200 Firmwareoperating_system
Zyxel CommunicationsAtp500 Firmwareoperating_system
Zyxel CommunicationsAtp700 Firmwareoperating_system
Zyxel CommunicationsAtp800 Firmwareoperating_system
Zyxel CommunicationsUsg Flex 100 Firmwareoperating_system
Zyxel CommunicationsUsg Flex 100w Firmwareoperating_system
Zyxel CommunicationsUsg Flex 200 Firmwareoperating_system
Zyxel CommunicationsUsg Flex 50 Firmwareoperating_system
Zyxel CommunicationsUsg Flex 500 Firmwareoperating_system
Zyxel CommunicationsUsg Flex 50w Firmwareoperating_system
Zyxel CommunicationsUsg Flex 700 Firmwareoperating_system
Zyxel CommunicationsVpn100 Firmwareoperating_system
Zyxel CommunicationsVpn1000 Firmwareoperating_system
Zyxel CommunicationsVpn300 Firmwareoperating_system
Zyxel CommunicationsVpn50 Firmwareoperating_system
Zyxel CommunicationsZywall Usg 100 Firmwareoperating_system
Zyxel CommunicationsZywall Usg 310 Firmwareoperating_system

Vendor-confirmed product mapping. Mallory continuously reconciles this list against your asset inventory.

What this page doesn’t show

The version that knows your environment.

This page is what’s public. Mallory adds the parts that aren’t: which of your assets are affected, which adversaries are exploiting it right now, which detections to deploy, and what to do tonight.
Exposure mapping

Query your assets running an affected version, and investigate the blast radius.

Threat actor evidence

Every observed campaign linking this CVE to a named adversary.

Associated malware1

Malware families riding this exploit, with evidence and IOCs.

Detection signatures2

YARA, Sigma, Snort, and vendor rules, auto-deployed to your SIEM.

Vendor-by-vendor mapping

Cross-references every affected SKU, including bundled OEM variants.

Social activity21

Community discussion across Reddit, Mastodon, and other social sources.