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HPACK Bomb Denial of Service in Python HPACK

IdentifiersCVE-2016-6581CWE-400

CVE-2016-6581 is a denial-of-service vulnerability affecting HTTP/2 implementations built with Python HPACK library versions 1.0.0 through 2.2.0. The issue arises from HPACK dynamic table handling: an attacker can insert a header field sized to exactly fill the HPACK dynamic header table, then send header blocks composed of repeated indexed references that expand that entry repeatedly during decompression. This creates an extreme compression-amplification condition, described as an "HPACK Bomb," where a relatively small compressed input can decompress into a very large in-memory representation on the target. The provided description states that as little as 16 kB of attacker-controlled data can expand to roughly 64 MB on the receiving system.

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ANALYST BRIEF

Impact, mitigation & remediation

What it means. What to do now. Patch path, mitigations, and the assume-compromise checklist.

Impact

What an attacker gets, and what they’ve been doing with it.

Successful exploitation can cause substantial memory consumption during HTTP/2 header decompression, leading to resource exhaustion and denial of service. The described amplification ratio is approximately 4,096:1 or greater, allowing a low-volume request stream to force disproportionately large allocations on the target machine and potentially degrade performance or crash the affected service.

Mitigation

If you can’t patch tonight, do this now.

Where immediate patching is not possible, reduce exposure by limiting or disabling vulnerable HTTP/2 services, enforcing strict resource and request limits at reverse proxies or front-end gateways, and monitoring for anomalous header-compression behavior or sudden memory spikes associated with crafted HTTP/2 requests. Because the attack relies on HPACK decompression amplification, placing affected services behind infrastructure that can terminate or filter HTTP/2 traffic may reduce risk.

Remediation

Patch, then assume compromise.

Upgrade the Python HPACK library to a version later than 2.2.0 that addresses CVE-2016-6581. Any HTTP/2 implementation built on vulnerable Python HPACK versions 1.0.0 through 2.2.0 should be updated to a fixed release.
PUBLIC EXPLOITS

Exploits

No public exploits tracked yet. Mallory keeps watching.

VALID 0 / 0 TOTALView more in app

No public exploit code observed for this vulnerability.

EXPOSURE SURFACE

Affected products & vendors

Products and vendors Mallory has correlated with this vulnerability. Open in Mallory to drill down to specific CPE configurations and version ranges.

VendorProductType
PythonHpackapplication
PythonHyperapplication

Vendor-confirmed product mapping. Mallory continuously reconciles this list against your asset inventory.

What this page doesn’t show

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Exposure mapping

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Threat actor evidence

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Associated malware

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Detection signatures

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Vendor-by-vendor mapping

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Social activity1

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