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HighCISA KEVExploited in the wildPublic exploit

Windows Hyper-V NT Kernel Integration VSP Elevation of Privilege

IdentifiersCVE-2025-21333CWE-787

CVE-2025-21333 is a Windows Hyper-V NT Kernel Integration VSP elevation-of-privilege vulnerability affecting the Hyper-V Virtualization Service Provider (VSP) path. The provided content indicates exploitation can begin from a child VM or Windows Sandbox and involves sending a malicious request through the VSP containing an oversized buffer. That buffer is copied into kernel memory, causing corruption of an adjacent object; the supporting reporting further describes heap grooming/"heap feng shui" to shape memory layout before triggering the overwrite. Successful exploitation crosses the guest-to-host trust boundary and results in execution as SYSTEM on the host.

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ANALYST BRIEF

Impact, mitigation & remediation

What it means. What to do now. Patch path, mitigations, and the assume-compromise checklist.

Impact

What an attacker gets, and what they’ve been doing with it.

Successful exploitation allows an attacker with code execution in a guest virtual machine or Windows Sandbox context to escalate privileges onto the host. The impact is a host-side compromise at SYSTEM level, effectively breaking isolation between guest and host and enabling full control of the affected host environment.

Mitigation

If you can’t patch tonight, do this now.

If immediate patching is not possible, reduce exposure by limiting use of Hyper-V and Windows Sandbox for untrusted workloads, restricting who can create or run guest VMs, and isolating high-risk virtualization hosts from lower-trust tenants and developer/test workloads. Additional temporary risk reduction may include disabling or avoiding Windows Sandbox and minimizing guest-to-host interaction surfaces until patches are deployed. Specific vendor-provided mitigations beyond patching were not provided in the content.

Remediation

Patch, then assume compromise.

Apply Microsoft's January 2025 security updates that address CVE-2025-21333. Because the vulnerability was reported as exploited in the wild at patch time, affected Hyper-V hosts should be prioritized for emergency patching, especially systems running untrusted or less-trusted guest workloads or Windows Sandbox.
PUBLIC EXPLOITS

Exploits

4 valid exploits after Mallory filtered fakes, detection scripts, and README-only repos (2 hidden).

VALID 4 / 6 TOTALView more in app
CVE-2025-21333MaturityPoCVerified exploit

Repository is a standalone Windows local kernel exploit for CVE-2025-21333, not tied to a common exploitation framework. Structure is small and focused: README.md documents the exploit approach and references an earlier PoC; exp/build.bat compiles the project with MSVC; exp/main.cpp contains the main exploitation flow; exp/helper.c and exp/helper.h implement NT API loading, heap spraying helpers, WNF manipulation, pipe/IoRing primitives, and kernel read/write support; exp/hexdump.c and exp/hexdump.h provide debugging output. The exploit targets Windows kernel heap corruption. Based on the code and README, it improves on an earlier public PoC by using Microsoft Defender Application Guard / IsolatedAppLauncher APIs to obtain a sandbox/container GUID instead of opening a Windows Sandbox process. The main flow in exp/main.cpp loads NT functions from ntdll.dll, obtains the container GUID, raises process/thread priority, sprays large numbers of WNF state objects into paged pool, frees selected WNF objects to create holes, crafts oversized ACL-backed object data to overflow into adjacent allocations, and then pivots into pipe attribute and IoRing object corruption. The helper code shows the intended post-corruption capabilities: arbitrary kernel read via fake/corrupted pipe_attribute structures and arbitrary kernel read/write via forged IoRing-related IOP_MC_BUFFER_ENTRY state. Hardcoded kernel offsets in helper.h (for NPFS and nt offsets such as PsInitialSystemProcess and PoolQuotaCookie) indicate the exploit is tuned to specific Windows kernel builds and is not broadly portable without adjustment. Named pipes \\.\pipe\IoRingExploitInput and \\.\pipe\IoRingExploitOutput are explicit local endpoints used during exploitation. Overall, this is an operational local privilege-escalation style exploit with real exploitation primitives rather than a mere detector or crash PoC.

nu1lptr0Disclosed May 5, 2026markdownbatchlocal
Ashwesker-CVE-2025-21333MaturityPoCVerified exploit

This repository contains a working proof-of-concept (POC) exploit for CVE-2025-21333, a heap-based buffer overflow vulnerability in the Windows Hyper-V NT Kernel Integration Virtualization Service Provider (VSP). The exploit is implemented in C++ (main file: CVE-2025-21333.cpp) and is designed to be compiled and run on a vulnerable Windows system. The exploit leverages advanced manipulation of Windows kernel objects, including the Windows Notification Facility (WNF), named pipes, and process tokens, to achieve local privilege escalation from a low-privileged user or VM context to SYSTEM on the Hyper-V host. The README provides detailed background, affected systems, and usage instructions, including how to verify vulnerable binaries and run the exploit. The exploit uses named pipes (\\.\pipe\IoRingExploitOutput and \\.\pipe\IoRingExploitInput) for communication and targets specific system files (vkrnlintvsp.sys and ntoskrnl.exe) for fingerprinting and exploitation. The codebase includes supporting header files (Hexdump.hpp, wnf.h) and Visual Studio project files for building the exploit. This is a mature, operational exploit that provides a SYSTEM shell if successful.

AshweskerDisclosed Jun 11, 2025cpphlocal
Blackash-CVE-2025-21333MaturityPoCVerified exploit

This repository contains a functional proof-of-concept (POC) exploit for CVE-2025-21333, a heap-based buffer overflow in the Windows Hyper-V NT Kernel Integration Virtualization Service Provider (VSP). The exploit is implemented in C++ and is structured as a Visual Studio project, with the main logic in 'CVE-2025-21333.cpp' and supporting headers ('Hexdump.hpp', 'wnf.h'). The exploit leverages advanced Windows kernel features, including the Windows Notification Facility (WNF), IO rings, and named pipes, to manipulate kernel memory and escalate privileges from a VM context to SYSTEM on the Hyper-V host. The README provides detailed background, affected systems, and usage instructions, including example output showing successful SYSTEM shell access. The exploit targets unpatched Windows 10/11 and Server 2022/2025 Hyper-V hosts and requires local access from a VM. Notable fingerprintable endpoints include named pipes (\\.\pipe\IoRingExploitOutput, \\.\pipe\IoRingExploitInput) and references to key system files (vkrnlintvsp.sys, ntoskrnl.exe) for version/hash checking. The code is operational and demonstrates a full privilege escalation chain, making it a high-impact exploit for vulnerable environments.

B1ack4shDisclosed Jun 11, 2025cpphlocal
CVE-2025-21333-POCMaturityPoCVerified exploit

This repository is a Proof-of-Concept (POC) exploit for CVE-2025-21333, a heap-based buffer overflow vulnerability in the Windows driver vkrnlintvsp.sys. The exploit is implemented in C++ and is structured as a Visual Studio project, with the main logic in 'CVE-2025-21333-POC.cpp' and supporting headers. The exploit works by manipulating kernel memory structures (specifically, an array of pointers to _IOP_MC_BUFFER_ENTRY) to achieve arbitrary kernel read/write via I/O Ring syscalls. It then leverages this primitive to steal the SYSTEM token and spawn a SYSTEM shell, providing local privilege escalation on Windows 11 23H2 (and possibly 24H2) with the vulnerable driver and Windows Sandbox enabled. The README provides detailed technical background, requirements, hashes of tested binaries, and step-by-step usage instructions. The exploit is not weaponized and is intended for research and demonstration purposes. Notable fingerprintable endpoints include the vulnerable driver path, kernel binary, and named pipes used for exploit communication.

MrAle98Disclosed Feb 27, 2025cpphlocal
EXPOSURE SURFACE

Affected products & vendors

Products and vendors Mallory has correlated with this vulnerability. Open in Mallory to drill down to specific CPE configurations and version ranges.

VendorProductType
Microsoft CorporationWindows 10 21h2operating_system
Microsoft CorporationWindows 10 22h2operating_system
Microsoft CorporationWindows 11 22h2operating_system
Microsoft CorporationWindows 11 23h2operating_system
Microsoft CorporationWindows 11 24h2operating_system
Microsoft CorporationWindows Server 2022 23h2operating_system
Microsoft CorporationWindows Server 2025operating_system
Microsoft CorporationWindows Server 23h2operating_system

Vendor-confirmed product mapping. Mallory continuously reconciles this list against your asset inventory.

What this page doesn’t show

The version that knows your environment.

This page is what’s public. Mallory adds the parts that aren’t: which of your assets are affected, which adversaries are exploiting it right now, which detections to deploy, and what to do tonight.
Exposure mapping

Query your assets running an affected version, and investigate the blast radius.

Threat actor evidence

Every observed campaign linking this CVE to a named adversary.

Associated malware

Malware families riding this exploit, with evidence and IOCs.

Detection signatures1

YARA, Sigma, Snort, and vendor rules, auto-deployed to your SIEM.

Vendor-by-vendor mapping

Cross-references every affected SKU, including bundled OEM variants.

Social activity6

Community discussion across Reddit, Mastodon, and other social sources.

Windows Hyper-V NT Kernel Integration VSP Elevation of Privilege (CVE-2025-21333) | Mallory