Windows SmartScreen Internet Shortcut (.url) Security Feature Bypass
CVE-2023-36025 is a Windows SmartScreen security feature bypass vulnerability affecting the handling of Internet Shortcut (.url) files. According to the provided content, the flaw stems from missing or improper checks and corresponding warning prompts for specially crafted .url files, allowing attacker-supplied shortcuts or hyperlinks to such shortcuts to evade Windows Defender SmartScreen protections. In observed exploitation chains, a user is enticed to click a malicious .url file or a hyperlink pointing to one; the shortcut then retrieves or launches follow-on content such as VBScript from remote infrastructure, leading to execution of additional payloads. The vulnerability has been exploited in the wild and has been used in campaigns delivering malware including DarkGate, Phemedrone Stealer, and Mispadu.
Are you exposed to this one?
Mallory correlates every CVE against your assets, your vendors, and active adversary campaigns. Know which vulnerabilities matter for you, not just which ones are loud.
Impact, mitigation & remediation
What it means. What to do now. Patch path, mitigations, and the assume-compromise checklist.
Impact
What an attacker gets, and what they’ve been doing with it.
Mitigation
If you can’t patch tonight, do this now.
Remediation
Patch, then assume compromise.
Exploits
2 valid exploits after Mallory filtered fakes, detection scripts, and README-only repos.
This repository provides an exploit for CVE-2023-36025, a Windows SmartScreen Security Feature Bypass vulnerability. The main exploit is implemented in 'CVE-2023-36025.vbs', a VBScript file that launches a Python-based reverse shell. The script, when executed on a vulnerable Windows system, connects back to a specified attacker's IP address and TCP port (default: 172.27.136.131:8888), providing the attacker with a remote shell. The repository also includes a .url shortcut file pointing to the VBScript, and a README with usage instructions. The exploit requires the attacker to set up a reverse TCP handler (such as Metasploit's multi/handler) to receive the shell. The payload is operational and provides remote command execution on the target system. The repository is small, with three files: the exploit script, a shortcut, and documentation.
This repository is a proof-of-concept (PoC) for CVE-2023-36025, a vulnerability affecting Microsoft Windows. The repository contains a README describing the exploit and a .url file (testing.url) that references a script inside a ZIP archive via a file:// URL. The exploit demonstrates how a specially crafted .url file can be used to trigger the vulnerability when the referenced ZIP file is hosted on a server accessible to the victim. There is no executable code; the exploit relies on the victim opening the .url file, which then attempts to access and potentially execute a script from within the ZIP file. The repository is minimal and intended for demonstration and testing purposes only.
Affected products & vendors
Products and vendors Mallory has correlated with this vulnerability. Open in Mallory to drill down to specific CPE configurations and version ranges.
Vendor-confirmed product mapping. Mallory continuously reconciles this list against your asset inventory.
Recent activity
13 sources tracked across advisories, community write-ups, and news. New activity surfaces here as Mallory finds it.
A Windows SmartScreen bypass vulnerability involving .url shortcut exploits, referenced here as part of an earlier campaign linked to the same infrastructure/operator.
Possible exploitation of CVE-2023-36025 in a Windows attack simulation dataset.
A Windows SmartScreen bypass vulnerability (CVE-2023-36025) referenced as an exploitation vector used to facilitate delivery/execution of NetSupport RAT via social engineering and drive-by style infection chains.
Previously exploited vulnerability referenced as potentially related to CVE-2024-38213; noted as exploited by DarkGate operators in the past.
The version that knows your environment.
Query your assets running an affected version, and investigate the blast radius.
Every observed campaign linking this CVE to a named adversary.
Malware families riding this exploit, with evidence and IOCs.
YARA, Sigma, Snort, and vendor rules, auto-deployed to your SIEM.
Cross-references every affected SKU, including bundled OEM variants.
Community discussion across Reddit, Mastodon, and other social sources.