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Username Enumeration in VMware NSX

IdentifiersCVE-2025-41252CWE-203· Observable Discrepancy

CVE-2025-41252 is a remote, unauthenticated username enumeration vulnerability in VMware NSX. The issue affects the authentication logic of NSX management interfaces, including web and API login endpoints, where observable differences in responses for valid versus invalid usernames can disclose whether an account exists. Reported discrepancies may include differing error messages, HTTP status codes, or timing behavior. An attacker can automate authentication attempts against exposed NSX interfaces to identify valid usernames without prior access. Affected products include VMware NSX 9.x.x.x, 4.2.x, 4.1.x, 4.0.x, NSX-T 3.x, and VMware Cloud Foundation deployments that include NSX, including 5.x and 4.5.x.

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ANALYST BRIEF

Impact, mitigation & remediation

What it means. What to do now. Patch path, mitigations, and the assume-compromise checklist.

Impact

What an attacker gets, and what they’ve been doing with it.

The vulnerability leaks account-existence information to unauthenticated remote attackers. While it does not by itself provide authentication bypass or code execution, it materially reduces uncertainty for follow-on attacks by allowing adversaries to build accurate username lists for targeted brute-force, credential stuffing, password spraying, and phishing campaigns. In environments where NSX management interfaces are reachable, this can facilitate initial access attempts and broader reconnaissance against administrative or operational accounts.

Mitigation

If you can’t patch tonight, do this now.

No workaround is provided in the vendor content. Until patching is completed, reduce exposure of NSX management interfaces through network segmentation and access restrictions, limit reachability to trusted administrative networks, and monitor authentication endpoints for enumeration patterns such as repeated login attempts across many usernames, abnormal error-rate patterns, or scripted probing of web/API authentication interfaces.

Remediation

Patch, then assume compromise.

Apply Broadcom/VMware fixes for affected NSX deployments. Fixed versions provided in the content are NSX 9.0.1.0, NSX 4.2.2.2, 4.2.3.1, 4.1.2.7, NSX-T 3.2.4.3, and the applicable VMware Cloud Foundation asynchronous patch referenced as KB88287. Organizations should upgrade affected NSX, NSX-T, and VMware Cloud Foundation with NSX components to the vendor-listed remediated builds in the advisory matrices.
PUBLIC EXPLOITS

Exploits

No public exploits tracked yet. Mallory keeps watching.

VALID 0 / 0 TOTALView more in app

No public exploit code observed for this vulnerability.

EXPOSURE SURFACE

Affected products & vendors

Products and vendors Mallory has correlated with this vulnerability. Open in Mallory to drill down to specific CPE configurations and version ranges.

VendorProductType
BroadcomNsxapplication
BroadcomNsx-Tapplication

Vendor-confirmed product mapping. Mallory continuously reconciles this list against your asset inventory.

What this page doesn’t show

The version that knows your environment.

This page is what’s public. Mallory adds the parts that aren’t: which of your assets are affected, which adversaries are exploiting it right now, which detections to deploy, and what to do tonight.
Exposure mapping

Query your assets running an affected version, and investigate the blast radius.

Threat actor evidence

Every observed campaign linking this CVE to a named adversary.

Associated malware

Malware families riding this exploit, with evidence and IOCs.

Detection signatures

YARA, Sigma, Snort, and vendor rules, auto-deployed to your SIEM.

Vendor-by-vendor mapping

Cross-references every affected SKU, including bundled OEM variants.

Social activity9

Community discussion across Reddit, Mastodon, and other social sources.