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HighCISA KEVExploited in the wildPublic exploit

Incorrect Authorization in Qualcomm Graphics GPU Micronode

IdentifiersCVE-2025-21479CWE-863· Incorrect Authorization

CVE-2025-21479 is an incorrect authorization vulnerability in Qualcomm Graphics / Adreno GPU components affecting multiple Qualcomm chipsets. The issue is described as memory corruption caused by unauthorized command execution in the GPU micronode or GPU microcode while executing a specific sequence of commands. Available reporting indicates the flaw stems from improper authorization or incorrect permission checks in the GPU command path, allowing commands intended only for privileged contexts to be executed. The resulting unauthorized command processing can corrupt memory in the GPU driver or related firmware/microcode path. Qualcomm disclosed the issue in 2025, and multiple sources state it was observed under limited, targeted exploitation in the wild.

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ANALYST BRIEF

Impact, mitigation & remediation

What it means. What to do now. Patch path, mitigations, and the assume-compromise checklist.

Impact

What an attacker gets, and what they’ve been doing with it.

Successful exploitation can cause memory corruption in the Qualcomm graphics stack and may lead to denial of service, local privilege escalation, or potentially arbitrary code execution with elevated, including kernel-level, privileges. Reporting also indicates the flaw may enable broader device compromise outcomes such as sandbox bypass, sensitive data access, and persistent malware installation, depending on the exploit chain and affected device implementation.

Mitigation

If you can’t patch tonight, do this now.

Until patches are fully deployed, reduce exposure by limiting installation of untrusted applications, enforcing rapid mobile device patch compliance through MDM/EMM, monitoring for abnormal privilege-escalation or GPU-driver-related crashes/behavior, and prioritizing replacement or isolation of devices that cannot receive OEM updates promptly. Because exploitation has been reported as active and targeted, high-risk users should minimize exposure to untrusted content and applications and ensure only trusted software sources are permitted.

Remediation

Patch, then assume compromise.

Apply vendor-provided patches from Qualcomm and downstream OEM/device manufacturers. The content indicates Qualcomm made fixes available to OEMs in May 2025 and disclosed the issue in June 2025, with Android fixes later incorporated into Google's August 2025 Android security updates. Devices at Android security patch level 2025-08-05 or later are described as fixed for the discussed Android-side issue set. Organizations should prioritize OEM firmware and security updates for affected Qualcomm-based devices, especially where KEV-driven remediation is required.
PUBLIC EXPLOITS

Exploits

3 valid exploits after Mallory filtered fakes, detection scripts, and README-only repos.

VALID 3 / 3 TOTALView more in app
omae-wa-cheese-daMaturityPoCVerified exploit

This repository is a full local Android privilege-escalation exploit for CVE-2025-21479, targeting a Samsung Galaxy Z Flip 5 configuration with an Adreno A7xx GPU. It is not a framework module; it consists of one large native exploit source file, one GPU helper header, and several shell scripts that operationalize post-exploitation. Structure: README.md documents the target device, firmware constraints, patch check, and usage. include/adrenaline.h provides KGSL/Adreno ioctl structures, enums, and PM4/GPU command builders used to interact with the GPU driver. src/exploit.c is the main exploit and contains the vulnerability chain: GPU arbitrary physical read/write, KASLR leak via _stext discovery, firmware-symbol verification, SELinux state overwrite to permissive, and an init-hook-based root command server bootstrap. The scripts directory contains operational wrappers: run.sh pushes and launches the exploit over adb; root_cmd.daemon creates a FIFO-backed resident root shell service; rootsh.sh sends commands to that service and retrieves output; rootbin.sh pushes a shared object and executes it as root via LD_PRELOAD into a stock binary to bypass DEFEX restrictions. Main capabilities: The exploit is designed for local exploitation with adb/device access, not remote delivery. It abuses the GPU/KGSL interface to gain arbitrary physical memory access, then uses that primitive to locate kernel text despite KASLR, resolve expected kernel symbols for the tested firmware, modify SELinux enforcement state, and patch/hook /system/bin/init to launch a resident root command runner. Post-exploitation, the operator can run arbitrary shell commands as root and also execute custom native payloads as root using a stock host binary and LD_PRELOAD. Notable targeting details visible in code include Samsung-specific kernel constants, firmware-specific virtual addresses (e.g., FW_STEXT_VA, FW_SWAPPER_PG_DIR_VA, FW_INIT_TASK_VA, FW_SELINUX_STATE_VA), and init binary patch/cave offsets tied to the tested firmware build. The README explicitly states the exploit is exact-device/firmware oriented and non-persistent across reboot. Overall, this is an operational local root exploit with built-in post-exploitation tooling rather than a mere proof-of-concept or detector.

ma4theDisclosed Jun 18, 2026cshelllocalfile
cheese-cakeMaturityPoCVerified exploit

This repository contains a sophisticated local privilege escalation exploit targeting Android devices with Qualcomm Adreno GPUs, specifically exploiting CVE-2025-21479. The main exploit logic resides in 'exploit.c', which orchestrates the attack by interacting with the GPU driver via /dev/kgsl-3d0, manipulating GPU memory, and patching kernel code to disable security checks and escalate privileges. The exploit includes routines for mapping user memory into GPU space, crafting GPU command buffers, and directly patching the kernel's __do_sys_capset function to bypass capability checks. Helper files ('helpers/analyze.c', 'helpers/extract-kallsyms.c', and 'kallsyms_lookup.c') are used for analyzing and extracting kernel symbols, which are critical for reliably locating and patching kernel functions. The exploit ultimately spawns a root shell if successful. The code is written in C and is operational, though the README notes it is a work in progress and may require adaptation for specific devices or kernel versions. No network endpoints are involved; the attack vector is purely local, requiring code execution on the target device.

sarabpal-devDisclosed Nov 16, 2025clocal
cheeseMaturityPoCVerified exploit

This repository contains a local privilege escalation exploit targeting Meta Quest 3 and Quest 3S headsets running vulnerable firmware (prior to the August 10, 2025 patch) with Adreno A7xx GPUs. The exploit leverages CVE-2025-21479, a vulnerability in the Qualcomm Adreno GPU driver, to gain kernel memory access and escalate privileges to root. The main exploit logic is implemented in 'cheese.c', which interacts with the GPU via '/dev/kgsl-3d0', manipulates GPU command buffers, and ultimately patches the kernel's sys_capset function with custom shellcode to obtain a root shell. The repository also includes 'adrenaline.h' (helper routines for GPU command construction), 'kallsyms_lookup.c' (for resolving kernel symbols), and a build script. The exploit is operational and provides a root shell if successful, but is highly device- and version-specific. The README provides detailed background, usage instructions, and links to related research. No network endpoints are involved; the attack vector is local, requiring code execution on the target device.

zhuoweiDisclosed Jun 19, 2025cbashlocal
EXPOSURE SURFACE

Affected products & vendors

Products and vendors Mallory has correlated with this vulnerability. Open in Mallory to drill down to specific CPE configurations and version ranges.

VendorProductType
QualcommAqt1000 Firmwareoperating_system
QualcommFastconnect 6200 Firmwareoperating_system
QualcommFastconnect 6700 Firmwareoperating_system
QualcommFastconnect 6800 Firmwareoperating_system
QualcommFastconnect 6900 Firmwareoperating_system
QualcommFastconnect 7800 Firmwareoperating_system
QualcommQca6391 Firmwareoperating_system
QualcommQcm4490 Firmwareoperating_system
QualcommQcs4490 Firmwareoperating_system
QualcommSd855 Firmwareoperating_system
QualcommSm4635 Firmwareoperating_system
QualcommSm6250 Firmwareoperating_system
QualcommSm6650 Firmwareoperating_system
QualcommSm6650p Firmwareoperating_system
QualcommSm7325p Firmwareoperating_system
QualcommSm7635 Firmwareoperating_system
QualcommSm7675 Firmwareoperating_system
QualcommSm7675p Firmwareoperating_system
QualcommSm8550p Firmwareoperating_system
QualcommSm8635 Firmwareoperating_system
QualcommSm8635p Firmwareoperating_system
QualcommSm8650q Firmwareoperating_system
QualcommSnapdragon 4 Gen 1 Mobile Platform Firmwareoperating_system
QualcommSnapdragon 460 Mobile Platform Firmwareoperating_system
QualcommSnapdragon 480 5g Mobile Platform Firmwareoperating_system
QualcommSnapdragon 480+ 5g Mobile Platform (Sm4350-Ac) Firmwareoperating_system
QualcommSnapdragon 662 Mobile Platform Firmwareoperating_system
QualcommSnapdragon 680 4g Mobile Platform Firmwareoperating_system
QualcommSnapdragon 685 4g Mobile Platform (Sm6225-Ad) Firmwareoperating_system
QualcommSnapdragon 690 5g Mobile Platform Firmwareoperating_system
QualcommSnapdragon 695 5g Mobile Platform Firmwareoperating_system
QualcommSnapdragon 720g Mobile Platform Firmwareoperating_system
QualcommSnapdragon 778g 5g Mobile Platform Firmwareoperating_system
QualcommSnapdragon 778g+ 5g Mobile Platform (Sm7325-Ae) Firmwareoperating_system
QualcommSnapdragon 782g Mobile Platform (Sm7325-Af) Firmwareoperating_system
QualcommSnapdragon 7c+ Gen 3 Compute Firmwareoperating_system
QualcommSnapdragon 8 Gen 2 Mobile Platform Firmwareoperating_system
QualcommSnapdragon 8 Gen 3 Mobile Platform Firmwareoperating_system
QualcommSnapdragon 8+ Gen 2 Mobile Platform Firmwareoperating_system
QualcommSnapdragon 855 Mobile Platform Firmwareoperating_system
QualcommSnapdragon 855+/860 Mobile Platform (Sm8150-Ac) Firmwareoperating_system
QualcommSnapdragon 865 5g Mobile Platform Firmwareoperating_system
QualcommSnapdragon 865+ 5g Mobile Platform (Sm8250-Ab) Firmwareoperating_system
QualcommSnapdragon 870 5g Mobile Platform (Sm8250-Ac) Firmwareoperating_system
QualcommSnapdragon 888 5g Mobile Platform Firmwareoperating_system
QualcommSnapdragon 888+ 5g Mobile Platform (Sm8350-Ac) Firmwareoperating_system
QualcommSnapdragon Ar1 Gen 1 Firmwareoperating_system
QualcommSnapdragon Ar1 Gen 1 Platform "Luna1" Firmwareoperating_system
QualcommSnapdragon X55 5g Modem-Rf System Firmwareoperating_system
QualcommSxr2230p Firmwareoperating_system
QualcommSxr2250p Firmwareoperating_system
QualcommSxr2330p Firmwareoperating_system
QualcommWcd9341 Firmwareoperating_system
QualcommWcd9370 Firmwareoperating_system
QualcommWcd9375 Firmwareoperating_system
QualcommWcd9378 Firmwareoperating_system
QualcommWcd9380 Firmwareoperating_system
QualcommWcd9385 Firmwareoperating_system
QualcommWcd9390 Firmwareoperating_system
QualcommWcd9395 Firmwareoperating_system
QualcommWcn3950 Firmwareoperating_system
QualcommWcn3988 Firmwareoperating_system
QualcommWcn6450 Firmwareoperating_system
QualcommWcn6650 Firmwareoperating_system
QualcommWcn6755 Firmwareoperating_system
QualcommWcn7861 Firmwareoperating_system
QualcommWcn7881 Firmwareoperating_system
QualcommWsa8810 Firmwareoperating_system
QualcommWsa8815 Firmwareoperating_system
QualcommWsa8830 Firmwareoperating_system
QualcommWsa8832 Firmwareoperating_system
QualcommWsa8835 Firmwareoperating_system
QualcommWsa8840 Firmwareoperating_system
QualcommWsa8845 Firmwareoperating_system
QualcommWsa8845h Firmwareoperating_system

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Threat actor evidence2

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Associated malware

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Detection signatures2

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Vendor-by-vendor mapping

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Social activity45

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