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Medium

Linux kernel af_unix garbage collection race with MSG_PEEK

IdentifiersCVE-2026-23394CWE-362· Concurrent Execution using Shared…

CVE-2026-23394 is a race condition in the Linux kernel AF_UNIX subsystem's garbage-collection logic. In af_unix, the garbage collector can incorrectly conclude that a socket strongly connected component (SCC) is dead when a concurrent recv() using MSG_PEEK temporarily increments a file reference count without properly synchronizing with garbage collection. The bug was reintroduced after earlier fixes when locking previously used in unix_peek_fds() was removed following changes to the GC algorithm. In the reported scenario, one socket in an SCC is closed but still reachable via another socket's receive queue; a concurrent MSG_PEEK on that queue bumps the referenced socket's file refcount, and a subsequent close() on the peer socket changes refcounts while GC is evaluating unix_vertex_dead() for both sockets. Because GC does not observe the MSG_PEEK refcount transition in time, it can misclassify both sockets as dead and purge the receive queue of a still-live socket. The fix uses seqcount_t and memory-ordering to signal MSG_PEEK interference so GC abandons collection of the SCC and defers it to a later run.

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ANALYST BRIEF

Impact, mitigation & remediation

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Impact

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Successful triggering can cause the AF_UNIX garbage collector to purge the receive queue of a live socket, resulting in loss of queued socket state/data and denial of service for affected local IPC paths. The issue is a kernel integrity and availability problem rather than a direct code-execution primitive based on the provided information.

Mitigation

If you can’t patch tonight, do this now.

Until patched kernels are deployed, reduce exposure by limiting untrusted local code execution on affected systems, since exploitation requires local interaction with AF_UNIX sockets and precise timing between MSG_PEEK, close(), and garbage collection. There is no specific configuration-only mitigation described in the provided content.

Remediation

Patch, then assume compromise.

Apply the upstream Linux kernel fix for CVE-2026-23394. The remediation changes af_unix garbage collection so that if MSG_PEEK interference is detected during dead-SCC evaluation, GC gives up collecting that SCC and defers it to a subsequent run. Downstream vendors should backport the fix to affected kernel branches.
PUBLIC EXPLOITS

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EXPOSURE SURFACE

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LinuxLinux Kerneloperating_system

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