Skip to main content
Meet us at Black Hat USA 2026— Las Vegas, August 1–6Book a Meeting
Mallory
High

ASN.1 Unbounded Recursion DoS in node-forge

IdentifiersCVE-2025-66031CWE-674· Uncontrolled Recursion

CVE-2025-66031 is an uncontrolled recursion vulnerability in Forge (node-forge), a JavaScript implementation of TLS and related cryptographic functionality. In node-forge versions 1.3.1 and earlier, ASN.1 parsing of untrusted DER input can recurse without adequate bounds when processing deeply nested ASN.1 structures. A remote, unauthenticated attacker can supply a crafted DER-encoded payload containing excessive nesting that triggers unbounded recursive parsing, ultimately exhausting the JavaScript call stack. The result is a denial-of-service condition during ASN.1/DER processing. The issue is fixed in node-forge 1.3.2.

Share:
For your environment

Are you exposed to this one?

Mallory correlates every CVE against your assets, your vendors, and active adversary campaigns. Know which vulnerabilities matter for you, not just which ones are loud.

ANALYST BRIEF

Impact, mitigation & remediation

What it means. What to do now. Patch path, mitigations, and the assume-compromise checklist.

Impact

What an attacker gets, and what they’ve been doing with it.

Successful exploitation causes denial of service by exhausting the stack during recursive ASN.1 parsing. An affected process may crash, terminate parsing operations, or become unavailable when handling attacker-supplied DER data. Based on the provided information, the impact is limited to availability; no direct confidentiality or integrity impact is described.

Mitigation

If you can’t patch tonight, do this now.

If immediate upgrade is not possible, avoid parsing untrusted DER/ASN.1 input with vulnerable node-forge versions. Reduce exposure by ensuring attacker-controlled certificates, PKCS structures, or other DER-encoded blobs are not accepted directly by the vulnerable parser. Apply strict input validation, size and nesting limits, and isolate parsing in a constrained process where feasible to reduce denial-of-service impact until patched.

Remediation

Patch, then assume compromise.

Upgrade node-forge to version 1.3.2 or later. The fixed release adds protections for this ASN.1 parsing flaw, including recursion-depth limiting in the ASN.1 parser. Where applicable, update bundled or indirect dependencies so that no deployed component continues to use node-forge 1.3.1 or earlier.
PUBLIC EXPLOITS

Exploits

No public exploits tracked yet. Mallory keeps watching.

VALID 0 / 0 TOTALView more in app

No public exploit code observed for this vulnerability.

EXPOSURE SURFACE

Affected products & vendors

Products and vendors Mallory has correlated with this vulnerability. Open in Mallory to drill down to specific CPE configurations and version ranges.

VendorProductType
Digital BazaarForgeapplication

Vendor-confirmed product mapping. Mallory continuously reconciles this list against your asset inventory.

What this page doesn’t show

The version that knows your environment.

This page is what’s public. Mallory adds the parts that aren’t: which of your assets are affected, which adversaries are exploiting it right now, which detections to deploy, and what to do tonight.
Exposure mapping

Query your assets running an affected version, and investigate the blast radius.

Threat actor evidence

Every observed campaign linking this CVE to a named adversary.

Associated malware

Malware families riding this exploit, with evidence and IOCs.

Detection signatures

YARA, Sigma, Snort, and vendor rules, auto-deployed to your SIEM.

Vendor-by-vendor mapping

Cross-references every affected SKU, including bundled OEM variants.

Social activity3

Community discussion across Reddit, Mastodon, and other social sources.