GhostRedirector
GhostRedirector is a previously undocumented threat cluster reported by ESET that has compromised at least 65 Windows servers, primarily in Brazil, Thailand, and Vietnam. The actor has been active since at least August 2024 and is associated with SEO fraud operations targeting Microsoft IIS/Windows server environments. ESET reported that GhostRedirector deployed a passive C++ backdoor named Rungan and a malicious IIS module codenamed Gamshen. Gamshen was assessed to support SEO fraud-as-a-service by manipulating search engine results and facilitating redirection activity. Public reporting places GhostRedirector in the broader ecosystem of Chinese threat actors targeting IIS servers; it has been explicitly listed alongside Operation Rewrite, UAT-8099, DragonRank, and other China-aligned or Chinese-speaking IIS-focused clusters, but available reporting in the provided content does not establish it as the same operator as those groups. No additional aliases or sub-groups are directly supported in the provided content beyond GhostRedirector itself.
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Targeting
Who, where, and (when attributed) which flag flies behind the operation. Pulled from open-source reporting and Mallory's analyst review.
Where they're from
Attributed origin per open-source reporting.
- CN
Tradecraft
1 distinct technique observed across reporting, grouped by tactic. Hover any cell for the evidence excerpt; click through for MITRE's full description.
Associated malware families
2 malware families attributed to this actor across reporting.
Recent activity
6 sources tracked across advisories, community write-ups, and news. New activity surfaces here as Mallory finds it.
China-aligned threat group observed targeting IIS web servers.
Cluster compromising Windows servers (noted in Brazil/Thailand/Vietnam) deploying Rungan backdoor and Gamshen IIS module for persistence/traffic manipulation.
Separate IIS SEO-fraud/redirector activity cluster in the same problem space; treated as low-probability match to UAT-8099/WEBJACK unless specific GhostRedirector hallmarks (e.g., Rungan/Gamshen artifacts and associated domains) are present.
Named as a Chinese threat actor known for targeting IIS servers (no additional details provided in this content).
The version that knows your environment.
Match sector + geo + tech-stack targeting against your real footprint.
Every observed MITRE ATT&CK technique, grouped by tactic.
Families this actor is known to deploy, with IOCs and behavior.
CVEs this actor has used in known campaigns.
YARA, Sigma, Snort, and vendor rules, auto-deployed to your SIEM.
Domains, IPs, and hashes tied to this actor, refreshed continuously.