Ryuk
Ryuk is a ransomware family first discovered in 2018 and widely recognized for targeting enterprise environments, including servers and workstations. Reporting in the provided content links Ryuk deployments to financially motivated operations such as FIN12 and to the Wizard Spider/Russian Spider cybercrime ecosystem; multiple sources in the content also describe Ryuk as originating in Russia or being associated with Russia-based actors. Ryuk has been described as relying on the TrickBot distribution system and as benefiting from EMOTET loader activity, with targeted phishing also cited as an infection vector in some reporting. The malware has been used in attacks against numerous organizations, including U.S. healthcare facilities, and is noted in the content as targeting midmarket and large enterprises.
Behaviorally, Ryuk terminates services and processes related to antivirus and other defenses prior to encryption, including use of kill.bat in documented deployments, and adversaries associated with Ryuk have used tools such as GMER to find and shut down hidden processes and antivirus software. Ryuk has been observed to stop services related to anti-virus, remotely create a scheduled task to execute itself, and inject itself into remote processes to encrypt files using VirtualAlloc, WriteProcessMemory, and CreateRemoteThread. It also impairs recovery by deleting shadow copies with "vssadmin Delete Shadows /all /quiet" and using "vssadmin resize shadowstorage" to force deletion of shadow copies created by third-party applications.
Ryuk includes regional exclusion logic: it queries the registry key HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Nls\Language and the InstallLanguage value, and stops execution if the system language corresponds to Russian (0x419), Ukrainian (0x422), or Belarusian (0x423). The content also notes Ryuk’s role in major ransomware activity and subsequent ecosystem evolution, with some sources describing Conti as a successor or rebrand of Ryuk after Ryuk’s shutdown in June 2021.
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Vulnerabilities exploited
1 CVE Mallory has correlated with this family across public research and vendor advisories. Each row links to the full Mallory page for that vulnerability.
"Privileges have been escalated using Mimikatz, Rubeus4 [13], or by exploiting a Zerologon vulnerability (CVE-2020-1472) [26]."
Groups observed using it
12 distinct threat actors attributed by public researchers. Open in Mallory to see the full evidence chain and overlapping campaigns.
The FBI has accused them of hacking into numerous organizations from March 2019 through September 2020, and installing Ryuk ransomware on servers and workstations.
The Conti ransomware, or malware, first appeared in December 2019, and some security sources said it appeared to be the successor of Ryuk ransomware, which first surfaced around the middle of 2018. Ryuk originated in Russia, and appears to be controlled by a cyber crime gang known as Russian Spider.
The Conti ransomware, or malware, first appeared in December 2019, and some security sources said it appeared to be the successor of Ryuk ransomware, which first surfaced around the middle of 2018. Ryuk originated in Russia, and appears to be controlled by a cyber crime gang known as Russian Spider.
"...gain initial access to corporate networks for Ryuk, and later, Conti ransomware attacks."
"BazaLoader... subsequently installed a ransomware strain called Ryuk."
"The operators of Ryuk ransomware are at it again... There was speculation that the Ryuk actors had moved on to a rebranded version of the ransomware, called Conti."
"Some victims were infected by TrickBot starting in June 2018, then compromised by Ryuk as of August... TrickBot is the loader most responsible for the distribution of Ryuk."
"Some victims were infected by TrickBot starting in June 2018, then compromised by Ryuk as of August... TrickBot is the loader most responsible for the distribution of Ryuk."
The attacks installed ransomware such as Ryuk or REvil, two ransomware strains that have been tied in recent years to FIN7 attacks, according to Gemini Advisory.
"Some victims were infected by TrickBot starting in June 2018, then compromised by Ryuk as of August... TrickBot is the loader most responsible for the distribution of Ryuk."
“The Conti gang has been operational and launching attacks for more than a decade now. It initially launched under the name Ryuk, and later became Conti.”
Actors have also been observed using or possessing publically available tools for encryption, such as BitLocker, Deadbolt, ech0raix, GonnaCry, Hidden Tear, Jigsaw, LockBit 2.0, My Little Ransomware, NxRansomware, Ryuk, and YourRansom.
Techniques & procedures
32 distinct techniques documented for this family, organized by ATT&CK tactic.
Resource Development
2 techniquesthe group has continued to host a significant proportion of the C&C infrastructure in the networks of Choopa, a U.S.-based VPS hosting provider
The U.S. and German government’s action today addresses the abuse of virtual currency to launder ransom payments.
Initial Access
2 techniquesAuthorities accused him of identifying exploitable vulnerabilities in potential victims' networks. "The data obtained by the hacker was used by his accomplices to plan and carry out cyberattacks," police said.
Fortunately, the field has taken this [government] advisory very, very seriously and has rapidly bolstered cybersecurity defenses around medical devices and phishing emails, reinforced backups and tested incident response plans.
Execution
4 techniquesBatch script that uses WMIC to execute a BITSAdmin transfer of a payload ransomware to each targeted machine in the comps<##>.txt files.
During the 2022 Ukraine Electric Power Attack, Sandworm Team leveraged Scheduled Tasks through a Group Policy Object (GPO) to execute CaddyWiper at a predetermined time.
During the 2016 Ukraine Electric Power Attack, Sandworm Team used the xp_cmdshell command in MS-SQL. During the 2025 Poland Wiper Attacks, the adversaries leveraged PsExec to run cmd.exe commands on multiple victim machines. Numerous malware families and groups are described as using cmd.exe, cmd /c, Windows command shell, or command-line interfaces to execute commands, payloads, reconnaissance, persistence, cleanup, and ransomware actions.
Persistence
5 techniquesDuring the 2022 Ukraine Electric Power Attack, Sandworm Team leveraged Scheduled Tasks through a Group Policy Object (GPO) to execute CaddyWiper at a predetermined time.
Across the content, malware repeatedly 'adds Registry Run keys', 'creates Registry entries', 'modifies the Windows Registry', or 'overwrites registry keys' to maintain persistence.
Batch script that uses WMIC to execute a BITSAdmin transfer of a payload ransomware to each targeted machine in the comps<##>.txt files.
Examples include 'adds Registry Run keys to establish persistence', 'creates a shortcut in the Startup folder', and 'RunOnce Registry key to run itself on safe mode.'
The content repeatedly describes malware and threat actors establishing persistence by adding values under HKCU/HKLM\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Run or RunOnce, and by placing executables, scripts, .lnk files, or .bat files in the Windows Startup folder.
Privilege Escalation
7 techniquesDuring the 2022 Ukraine Electric Power Attack, Sandworm Team leveraged Scheduled Tasks through a Group Policy Object (GPO) to execute CaddyWiper at a predetermined time.
The content repeatedly describes malware and threat actors injecting shellcode, DLLs, or payloads into legitimate processes such as svchost.exe, explorer.exe, iexplore.exe, cmd.exe, lsass.exe, and browser processes.
ROKRAT can use VirtualAlloc, WriteProcessMemory, and then CreateRemoteThread to execute shellcode within the address space of Notepad.exe. Ryuk has injected itself into remote processes to encrypt files using a combination of VirtualAlloc, WriteProcessMemory, and CreateRemoteThread.
ROKRAT can use VirtualAlloc, WriteProcessMemory, and then CreateRemoteThread to execute shellcode within the address space of Notepad.exe. Ryuk has injected itself into remote processes to encrypt files using a combination of VirtualAlloc, WriteProcessMemory, and CreateRemoteThread. Woody RAT can inject code into a targeted process by writing to the remote memory of an infected system and then create a remote thread.
In at least one incident, FIN12 used GPOs, scheduled tasks, and WebDAV to execute a RYUK payload hosted on a network file share.
Examples include 'adds Registry Run keys to establish persistence', 'creates a shortcut in the Startup folder', and 'RunOnce Registry key to run itself on safe mode.'
The content repeatedly describes malware and threat actors establishing persistence by adding values under HKCU/HKLM\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Run or RunOnce, and by placing executables, scripts, .lnk files, or .bat files in the Windows Startup folder.
Stealth
7 techniquesThe content repeatedly describes malware and threat actors using obfuscated code, encrypted strings, Base64/XOR/RC4/AES encoding, VMProtect/ConfuserEx/SmartAssembly, stack strings, control-flow flattening, opaque predicates, and hidden payloads to evade analysis and detection.
Since at least February 2020, FIN12 has leveraged a series of in-memory droppers including, MALTSHAKE, ICECANDLE, WHITEDAGGER, WEIRDLOOP, and templates associated with Cobalt Strike's Artifact Kit to deploy various malware payloads.
During the 2016 Ukraine Electric Power Attack, DLLs and EXEs with filenames associated with common electric power sector protocols were used to masquerade files.
The content repeatedly describes malware and threat actors injecting shellcode, DLLs, or payloads into legitimate processes such as svchost.exe, explorer.exe, iexplore.exe, cmd.exe, lsass.exe, and browser processes.
ROKRAT can use VirtualAlloc, WriteProcessMemory, and then CreateRemoteThread to execute shellcode within the address space of Notepad.exe. Ryuk has injected itself into remote processes to encrypt files using a combination of VirtualAlloc, WriteProcessMemory, and CreateRemoteThread.
ROKRAT can use VirtualAlloc, WriteProcessMemory, and then CreateRemoteThread to execute shellcode within the address space of Notepad.exe. Ryuk has injected itself into remote processes to encrypt files using a combination of VirtualAlloc, WriteProcessMemory, and CreateRemoteThread. Woody RAT can inject code into a targeted process by writing to the remote memory of an infected system and then create a remote thread.
Defense Impairment
3 techniquesAcross the content, malware repeatedly 'adds Registry Run keys', 'creates Registry entries', 'modifies the Windows Registry', or 'overwrites registry keys' to maintain persistence.
In at least one incident, FIN12 used GPOs, scheduled tasks, and WebDAV to execute a RYUK payload hosted on a network file share.
FIN12 has frequently leveraged code-signed payloads in their operations.
Discovery
5 techniquesThe content repeatedly describes actors and malware using commands and APIs such as ipconfig /all, ifconfig, arp -a, route print, netsh interface show, GetAdaptersInfo, and GetIpNetTable to gather IP addresses, MAC addresses, DNS, DHCP, gateways, routing tables, ARP cache, proxy settings, and network adapter/interface details.
BlackEnergy has gathered information about network IP configurations using ipconfig.exe and about routing tables using route.exe.
The content repeatedly describes malware and threat actors obtaining lists of running processes, using utilities such as tasklist, ps, WMI, Get-Process, CreateToolhelp32Snapshot, EnumProcesses, and similar APIs/commands to enumerate active processes on victim systems.
Ryuk has called GetIpNetTable in attempt to identify all mounted drives and hosts that have Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) entries.
Avaddon checks for specific keyboard layouts and OS languages to avoid targeting Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) entities... Bazar can perform a check to ensure that the operating system's keyboard and language settings are not set to Russian... Clop has checked the keyboard language using the GetKeyboardLayout() function... Ryuk has been observed to query the registry key HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Nls\Language and the value InstallLanguage.
Lateral Movement
3 techniquesDuring Operation CuckooBees, the threat actors used scheduled tasks to execute batch scripts for lateral movement with the following command: SCHTASKS /Create /S <IP Address> /U <Username> /p <Password> /SC ONCE /TN test /TR <Path to a Batch File> /ST <Time> /RU SYSTEM.
FIN12 has deployed RYUK manually via RDP in multiple intrusions.
FIN12 has most commonly moved laterally across victim environments using valid credentials in combination with BEACON, EMPIRE, RDP, and SMB.
Collection
1 techniqueFIN12 stages a ZIP archive with the filename share$.zip in the C:\PerfLogs directory on a domain controller.
Command and Control
1 techniqueWhat made EMOTET so dangerous is that the malware was offered for hire to other cybercriminals to install other types of malware, such as banking Trojans or ransomwares, onto a victim’s computer.
Impact
2 techniquesThe FBI has accused them of hacking into numerous organizations from March 2019 through September 2020, and installing Ryuk ransomware on servers and workstations. The ransomware crypto-locked systems, after which the attackers demanded a ransom for a promise to provide victims with a working decryption tool.
Akira will delete system volume shadow copies via PowerShell commands. Avaddon deletes backups and shadow copies using native system tools. Babuk has the ability to delete shadow volumes using vssadmin.exe delete shadows /all /quiet. BlackCat can delete shadow copies using vssadmin.exe delete shadows /all /quiet and wmic.exe Shadowcopy Delete; it can also modify the boot loader using bcdedit /set {default} recoveryenabled No.
Other
1 techniqueIOCs tracked for this family
134 indicators attributed across vendor reports, sandbox runs, and researcher write-ups. Full values are available in Mallory.
IPs, domains, and DNS infrastructure linked to this family.
Recent activity
155 sources tracked across advisories, community write-ups, and news. New activity surfaces here as Mallory finds it.
Referenced only to explain that the older 2021 Chaos builder was a Ryuk .NET clone and is distinct from the 2025 Chaos RaaS.
Ransomware referenced as part of earlier, more manual intrusion operations with slower breakout and operator-driven lateral movement.
Ransomware operation/family described as the earlier name/iteration of what later became the Conti ransomware group.
Named as a ransomware family in the associated analytic story context; the detection is relevant because ransomware often disables Windows recovery options to hinder restoration.
The version that knows your environment.
Match every observed IP, domain, and hash against your live telemetry.
Named campaigns wielding this family, with evidence pinned to each claim.
CVEs this family uses for access and lateral movement.
YARA, Sigma, Snort, and vendor rules, auto-deployed to your SIEM.
Every documented technique, ranked by evidence weight.
Reddit, Mastodon, and CTI community discussion around this family.