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MalwareRansomwareUsed by 1 actor

AuKill

AuKill is a Windows defense-evasion / EDR-killer malware tool that uses a BYOVD technique to disable endpoint security products prior to follow-on payload deployment. Sophos X-Ops reported that it abuses an outdated Microsoft-signed Process Explorer driver from Process Explorer version 16.32 to terminate or otherwise disable EDR processes. The tool drops the vulnerable driver as PROCEXP.SYS into C:\Windows\System32\drivers, drops a copy of itself into System32 or TEMP, and runs as a service. It requires administrative privileges and does not itself provide privilege escalation; if not already running as SYSTEM, it attempts to relaunch itself as SYSTEM by impersonating TrustedInstaller.exe after starting the Trusted Installer service and duplicating its token. AuKill expects a command-line keyword with the first argument set to "startkey" and validates it via a simple arithmetic check against the hardcoded value 57502 (0xE09E). Once active, it continuously monitors for targeted security processes and services and repeatedly disables or terminates them to prevent restart; at least one variant can also unload targeted drivers via NtUnloadDriver and delete their registry service keys. Sophos reported that AuKill can terminate targeted processes by sending the IOCTL_CLOSE_HANDLE control code to the vulnerable Process Explorer driver. Sophos identified six variants compiled between 2022-11-13 and 2023-02-11, with different target sets including Sophos components, ElasticSearch, Microsoft components, Splashtop remote access tools, and Aladdin HASP Software. The malware shows strong code and behavioral similarities to the open-source Backstab tool, which previously published the same Process Explorer driver abuse technique. AuKill has been observed in multiple ransomware incidents, including use before Medusa Locker deployment in January and February 2023 and before LockBit deployment in February 2023; later reporting also states Medusa Locker and LockBit used it in attacks and that ransomware affiliates used it to shut down security products before deploying ransomware or backdoors. Sophos detects AuKill as ATK/BackStab-D. The abused driver procexp.sys / PROCEXP.SYS is widely documented as vulnerable and has been recommended for blocking by defenders.

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THREAT ACTORS

Groups observed using it

1 distinct threat actor attributed by public researchers. Open in Mallory to see the full evidence chain and overlapping campaigns.

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LockBit

Sophos X-Ops has investigated multiple incidents where attackers attempted to disable EDR clients with a new defense evasion tool we’ve dubbed AuKill. The AuKill tool abuses an outdated version of the driver used by version 16.32 of the Microsoft utility, Process Explorer, to disable EDR processes before deploying either a backdoor or ransomware on the target system.

via sophos threat researchnews.sophos.com
MITRE ATT&CK

Techniques & procedures

12 distinct techniques documented for this family, organized by ATT&CK tactic.

Persistence

3 techniques
T1112Modify RegistryEvidence1

Description Generated datasets for Windows AuKill Indicators - Registry in attack range. MITRE ATT&CK Techniques Environment Details Datasets The following datasets were collected during this attack simulation: Snapattack Path: /datasets/attack_techniques/T1112/snapattack/snaattack.log

T1543Create or Modify System ProcessEvidence1

For each service name in the list, AuKill checks if it exists, and if it does, disables it by calling ChangeServiceConfigW and passing SERVICE_DISABLED for dwStartType.

T1543.003Windows ServiceEvidence1

Finally, it copies itself to C:\Windows\system32, installs itself as a service, and starts the service.

T1068Exploitation for Privilege EscalationEvidence5

BYOVD (Bring Your Own Vulnerable Driver) is a class of attack in which threat actors drop known vulnerable drivers on a compromised machine and then exploit the bug(s) to gain kernel-level privileges.

T1134Access Token ManipulationEvidence1

Then it duplicates the token of TrustedInstaller.exe using the DuplicateTokenW WINAPI function, and passes the token to CreateProcessWithTokenW to elevate itself to SYSTEM once the process restarts.

T1543Create or Modify System ProcessEvidence1

For each service name in the list, AuKill checks if it exists, and if it does, disables it by calling ChangeServiceConfigW and passing SERVICE_DISABLED for dwStartType.

T1543.003Windows ServiceEvidence1

Finally, it copies itself to C:\Windows\system32, installs itself as a service, and starts the service.

Stealth

4 techniques
T1027Obfuscated Files or InformationEvidence1
TacticStealth

“This tool has been found in the wild as a packed payload… analysis of the associated private packer… ‘PackXOR’… The aim of packing is to hinder the work of malware analysts and antivirus/EDR software, by concealing payloads and delaying their detection.”

T1036MasqueradingEvidence1
TacticStealth

First, they tried to load the Zemana Anti-Logger driver, masquerading as updatedrv.sys, from different locations

T1070Indicator RemovalEvidence2
TacticStealth

For each driver name, AuKill tries to unload it via calling NtUnloadDriver and deleting the corresponding registry key in the hive System\CurrentControlSet\Services\[DRIVER_NAME].

T1134Access Token ManipulationEvidence1

Then it duplicates the token of TrustedInstaller.exe using the DuplicateTokenW WINAPI function, and passes the token to CreateProcessWithTokenW to elevate itself to SYSTEM once the process restarts.

Defense Impairment

2 techniques
T1112Modify RegistryEvidence1

Description Generated datasets for Windows AuKill Indicators - Registry in attack range. MITRE ATT&CK Techniques Environment Details Datasets The following datasets were collected during this attack simulation: Snapattack Path: /datasets/attack_techniques/T1112/snapattack/snaattack.log

T1553Subvert Trust ControlsEvidence1

脆弱な署名済みドライバを武器化し ... Process Explorer(ProcExp)ドライバ(Microsoft署名済み)を悪用

Impact

1 technique
T1489Service StopEvidence1
TacticImpact

If a process name is included in the list, AuKill sends IO control code IOCTL_CLOSE_HANDLE to procexp.sys to close the process handle. This results in terminating the targeted process.

Other

2 techniques
T1562Impair DefensesEvidence5

At this level of access, attackers can accomplish a lot: hide malware, dump credentials, and, crucially, attempt to disable EDR solutions.

T1562.001Disable or Modify ToolsEvidence5

The AuKill tool abuses an outdated version of the driver used by version 16.32 of the Microsoft utility, Process Explorer, to disable EDR processes before deploying either a backdoor or ransomware on the target system.

INDICATORS OF COMPROMISE

IOCs tracked for this family

6 indicators attributed across vendor reports, sandbox runs, and researcher write-ups. Full values are available in Mallory.

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Hashes
6 tracked

File hashes (MD5, SHA-1, SHA-256) from samples and reports.

TypeValueLatest sighting
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hash.sha1●●●●●●●●●●●●View more in app4 years ago
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IOC matching6

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Threat actor attribution1

Named campaigns wielding this family, with evidence pinned to each claim.

Exploited vulnerabilities

CVEs this family uses for access and lateral movement.

Detection signatures

YARA, Sigma, Snort, and vendor rules, auto-deployed to your SIEM.

MITRE ATT&CK mapping12

Every documented technique, ranked by evidence weight.

Researcher chatter

Reddit, Mastodon, and CTI community discussion around this family.